Medication Adherence in Hypertension

Medication Adherence in Hypertension

Estimates vary from 20 to 80%, but what is clear is that many hypertensive patients are non-compliant. Consequences include a higher risk of stroke, coronary heart failure, dementia, reduced renal function, and blindness.

• Hypertension is largely asymptomatic, so motivation to adhere can be lower because medications do not make patients feel better.
• The biggest cause of uncontrolled hypertension is non-adherence.
• Low understanding of hypertension and its risks may contribute to non-adherence.
• Hypertension drugs can be complicated to take.

How to Improve Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients

Improving medication adherence could potentially save lives, reduce healthcare costs, and improve healthcare outcomes. There are several strategies for improving medication adherence, and patients, healthcare providers, and manufacturers can all be involved.

Reducing Forgetfulness

Forgetting to take medications can be a barrier to adherence for patients who intend to take their medication as prescribed. These are some CDC medication adherence strategies that could be effective at improving medication adherence among patients who fill their prescriptions, but do not always remember to take the proper dose at the right time.

• Pillboxes allow patients to set out their pills for the day or week ahead so they can see which ones they have taken and still need to take.
• Blister packs make it easier for patients to see whether they have already taken their medication.
• Electronic pill monitors can not only remind patients when to take their medication, but can also notify healthcare providers if the patient misses a dose.

Increasing Access to Medications

Cost is a significant barrier to medication adherence. Reducing or eliminating co-pays for prescription drugs, especially common ones with big payoffs such as statins, could potentially increase patient adherence. The move could pay for itself because of cost savings from fewer hospitalizations and adverse events. Offering generics is another way to limit costs.

Another way to increase access to medications is to implement delivery methods that are easier for patients. Free delivery of medications from the healthcare provider or pharmacy is one example. Pharmacists can also automatically prepare refills and notify patients via phone calls or text messages that they can pick up their prescriptions at any time. This eliminates barriers such as remembering to call in the refill order, and waiting for a long time at the pharmacy for the order to be filled.

Improving Motivation

Patients who can see the effects of their medications, such as when they have less pain as the result of taking prescription analgesics, may be more adherent than patients who do not feel immediate benefits. This can happen when managing chronic conditions, such as high blood pressure or cholesterol.

Frequent self-monitoring is one way to try to improve motivation. In conditions such as diabetes or hypertension, patients who regularly measure their blood sugar or blood pressure may not feel any symptoms of their condition. However, they may notice that their numbers are lower when they follow their drug regimen properly, and therefore be more motivated to be adherent.

Patient Education and Support

An article in the "Annals of Internal Medicine" explores potential solutions for medication non-adherence. Case management is an approach to patient support can increase medication adherence. It can include:

• Identifying patients who at risk for non-adherence for reasons such as polypharmacy or lack of reaching treatment goals.
• Assessing each medication for necessity and safety.
• Working with the patient to identify and address each barrier to adherence.

There are more ways to support patients. Explanations from pharmacists and clear labels can make it easier for patients to understand how to take their medications properly once they get them. Prescribing fixed-dose medications, or two-in-one pills, when possible reduces the number of pills the patient needs to take. It can actually reduce patient non-compliance by almost one-quarter.

Medication Adherence Program for Hypertension

Medication adherence interventions can address many of the barriers to non-adherence. They can include care coordination between doctors and pharmacists to target and assist patients who have trouble following their regimens. They can assist patients in obtaining the lowest-possible cost medications. And all of this can be coordinated by Lark.

There are some limitations to traditional medication adherence programs.

• They can be costly due to the live human interaction and cost of paying pharmacists and doctors or nurses for extra time.
• Not all members of the patient support team can be available 24/7. What happens if the patient needs a nudge on the weekend or evenings?
• The patient may feel some embarrassment at asking for help or admitting that a dose has been missed.

Apps & Tools for Medication Adherence

There are abundant medication adherence tools that can improve adherence rates among patients, but Lark stands out for it's effectiveness and "whole person" approach to care. Some other innovative strategies are:

• Automatically sending pre-sorted pills to patients every week or two.
• Automatically detecting a patient's pill ingestion via an ingestible sensor.
• Learning patients' habits through digital interactions.
• Using wearables that easily allow for patients to record when they take their medications.
• Medication adherence apps show promise as low-cost, effective solutions that are easy for patients to use. Features can include:
• Reminders to take medications and order refills.
• Tracking dose history.
• Notifications for caregivers or providers if users do not login to the app.

The Lark Hypertension health coach can assist with adherence to the medication regimen in a number of ways.

• Connecting to claims data to monitor patients and segment them by risk;
• Reminding patients to take their medications: when and how much.
• Monitoring patients' at-home blood pressure cuff readings and activity automatically to watch for outliers and correlations.
• Connecting patients to healthcare providers when needed.
• Educating patients on the importance of medication adherence.
• Tracking patient adherence so patients can see how well they have been following doctor's orders.
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In addition, Lark provides coaching to encourage healthy behaviors, including weight management, nutritious eating, getting active, and getting enough sleep. These behaviors can all support general well-being as well as increase patient self-efficacy in taking charge of health and staying adherent to medications to stay as healthy as possible.