Proper Portions: All about the right serving sizes to manage weight and hunger

April 2, 2025
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Summary

Portion Sizes Matter!

Proper portion sizes are important for:

  • Weight management - too many calories can cause weight gain
  • Healthy blood sugar control - too much food at once can raise blood sugar
  • Managing hunger without feeling overfull - overeating can lead to an upset stomach, while undersized portions can lead to feeling hungry again soon
  • Getting sufficient nutrients - a balanced diet with enough food can support nutritional sufficiency
  • Reducing food waste - serving the right amount of food to satisfy hunger without being overfull can help reduce leftovers and the potential for waste

Servings, Portions, and Portion Distortion

Serving sizes are a predefined amount of food or beverage. It may be specified in dietary guidelines or on a nutrition label. Serving sizes stay the same. 

Portion sizes are the amount of food or beverage served or consumed at one time (such as a meal or snack). Portions can change from occasion to occasion.

Portion distortion describes the shift from smaller portions to larger portions becoming the norm, or expected amount.

Calorie Comparison Over Time
Food Item Calories in 1980s Calories Today
Turkey Sandwich 320 820
Side Salad 170 320
Soda 150 250
Cheesecake 260 640

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Research Suggests That Portion Control Helps with Weight Loss

In the Portion-Control Strategies Trial, 186 overweight or obese women joined a weight loss program. They were separated into three groups.

  1. Standard Advice - they were advised to eat less food while making healthy choices
  2. Portion Selection - they were advised to choose portions based on energy density
  3. Pre-portioned Foods - they were advised to structure meals around pre-portioned foods

Researchers measured participants’ weight loss for 12 months. Women who were told to pre-portion foods lost more weight!

Does the incorporation of portion-control strategies in a behavioral program improve weight loss in a 1-year randomized controlled trial? Rolls Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 Mar;41(3):434-442. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.217. Epub 2016 Nov 30. PMID: 27899807; PMCID: PMC5340595.

Discover Serving Sizes: Measure or estimate

These are standard serving sizes that can help guide reasonable portions. 

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Food Portion Estimates
Foods Measure Estimate
Leafy greens and non-starchy vegetables 1+ cups Softball
Non-starchy vegetables, fresh fruit, yogurt 1 cup Baseball or fist
Fish, tuna 3 ounces Checkbook
Chicken, ground turkey 3 ounces Deck of cards or palm of hand
Pancake, bread 1 ounce Disk
Cooked beans, cooked whole-grain pasta, brown rice, tofu ⅓-½ cup Tennis ball
Hummus, peanut butter, salad dressing 1 ounce (two tablespoons) Golf ball or ½ 2-ounce shot glass
Cheese, dried fruit, nuts, dark chocolate 1 ounce Tip of thumb

Serving Sizes and Nutrition Labels

Nutrition labels also show serving sizes. Serving sizes on nutrition labels are standard amounts that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates. They’re based on amounts that people are likely to consume, and are called “reference amounts customarily consumed” (RACC). 

The RACC may be different from “serving sizes” based on food groups and nutrition. For example, a serving of bagel in the Dietary Guidelines is 1 oz (28 grams), but the RACC is 110 grams. 

Quantitative ways to measure portions

You can use tools to measure portions accurately. Here are some examples. 

Portion Control Tools
Tool Use for…
Measuring cups Cooked grains, beans, dried beans, nuts
Serving (or use portioned serving utensils) Measuring spoons
Measuring spoons Oil, dressings, condiments, peanut butter
Kitchen (food) scale Cooking ingredients, grains, cereal, pasta
Counting Cookies, pretzels, chips

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Study: Portion Control Tools Increase Awareness

Awareness can be the first step of making changes. In this study, researchers looked at 36 different studies looking at people using portion control tools. Tools included:

  • Non-tableware tools like cooking utensils, educational aids and computerized applications
  • Tableware tools like reduced-size and portion control/calibrated crockery/cutlery

Overall, the use of tools helped people reduce portion sizes. There was a small effect on calorie consumption and food intake. 

Impact of Portion Control Tools on Portion Size Awareness, Choice and Intake: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vargas-Alvarez Nutrients. 2021 Jun 9;13(6):1978. doi: 10.3390/nu13061978. PMID: 34207492; PMCID: PMC8229078.

Tips for Proper Portions

Specialized tableware can help with proper portions. Commercially available portion control plates, for example, can have images marked of how much vegetable, protein, and carbs to include. Some plates are divided into compartments to make portion control easier. 

Small plates and bowls can help people eat less. If you’re not ready to invest in a new set of dishes, try filling your plate mostly full with salad greens or vegetables before adding other items. Small spoons and forks can also help you eat more slowly.

Here are more tips for proper portions. 

  • Eat only at the table so you know how much you’re eating. In one study, people ate soup from a bowl that refilled itself without them realizing it. These people ate more than people who ate from a bowl that didn’t get refilled. The bottom line is that knowing how much you’re eating helps with portion control
  • Serve yourself before sitting down so you know how much you’re taking and you have a clear end to the meal or snack.
  • Leave food separate from table so you have to stand up if you want second helpings
  • Take vegetables first, both for first and second helpings 
  • Wait 5 minutes, stand up, see how full you feel (sometimes feel fuller when stand up from table)
  • Pre-portion foods when on the go or snacking away from the table

Proper Portions Without Hunger

You can reduce calories by having smaller portions. For example, swap a double burger, large fries, large drink, and cookie with a kids’ burger, small fries, small drink, and half a cookie. However, that strategy can leave you hungry. 

Instead, consider having smaller portions of high-calorie foods, and larger portions of low-calorie foods. For example, swap the original burger, fries, drink, and cookie for a small burger, small fries, large salad, large water, and piece of fruit. You’ll have fewer calories, more nutrients, and less hunger.

Give It a Try! How might you make this meal more appropriately portioned?

Strategies like smaller portions of high-calorie foods and larger portions of low-calorie foods  can work with healthy foods, too! Consider a meal with quinoa salad. Look at the following lists.

The “before” meal is quinoa salad with quinoa, olive oil, feta cheese, avocado, and herbs and spices. It is 1 ¼ cups and has 560 calories.

The “after” meal includes the same ingredients as “before,” but with less quinoa, olive oil, feta cheese, and avocado. These are high-calorie ingredients. This meal adds garbanzo beans and vegetables. The result is a meal with 2 ½ cups and 500 calories. It’s bigger, more nutritious, and lower in calories than the original meal.

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Food Portion Comparison
Food Before Calories After Calories
Quinoa ¾ cup 180 ½ cup 120
Olive oil 1 tablespoon 120 2 teaspoons 80
Feta cheese 2 ounces 140 1 ounce 70
Avocado ½ small 100 ¼ small 50
Lemon juice, herbs, spices 2 tablespoons 20 2 tablespoons 20
Garbanzo beans ½ cup 110
Tomato, eggplant, cucumber, peppers 1 cup 50
Total 1 ¼ cups 560 calories 2 ½ cups 500 calories

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Health Coach Q & A

What links should I know about? 

Lark is here to help!

Lark Customer Support!

https://support.lark.com/hc/en-us/requests/new

Facebook page for DPP

https://www.facebook.com/groups/larkdpp

Lark blog

https://www.lark.com/blog

Lark recipes

https://www.lark.com/resource-type/recipe

Email a Lark coach

coaching@lark.com

Myplate meal planner

www.myplate.gov/myplate-plan

Restaurant portions are huge. Do they not also have more sugar?

You are right that restaurant portions are huge! They can have more sugar than at-home meals, but that’s not always the case. Here’s why. 

The USDA reports that on a per-calorie basis, restaurant meals have less sugar. However, since restaurant meals are also typically higher in calories, they can end up higher in total sugar than a meal prepared at home.

Here are some sources of added sugars in restaurants. 

  • Sauces, dressings, condiments, and glazes
  • Beverages
  • Desserts
  • Sides like coleslaw and baked beans

Here are ways to reduce your sugar consumption at restaurants. 

  • Ask for dressings and sauces on the side
  • Choose grilled, baked, and steamed options that don’t have sauces
  • Keep portions in check
  • Drink ice water, sparkling water, or plain coffee or tea

Is anyone having trouble listing their meal with the chat coach on the Lark app? Can you help with the scale? It doesn’t seem accurate. 

Those are good questions. You can always ask the experts - Lark Customer Support - for tips on food logging and anything else related to the app or devices like scales. Here’s the link to open a ticket. 

https://support.lark.com/hc/en-us/requests/new

Is there anything filling and I can eat as much as possible?

Good question! Lots of people want to eat more without getting too many calories! Here are some low-calorie foods - but keep in mind that there probably aren’t any foods you can eat without limits. They do have some calories, and they take up space in your stomach, so it’s always good to be aware of amounts and limits. 

Here are some lower-calorie foods. 

  • Non-starchy vegetables like lettuce, other leafy greens, broccoli, cauliflower, zucchini, bell peppers, cucumbers, mushrooms, and cabbage. Have them raw, roasted, grilled, steamed, or air-fried
  • Low-sodium broth or broth-based vegetable soup
  • Berries and watermelon are slightly higher in calories, but also high in water
  • Egg whites and tofu are also higher in calories, but they can be satisfying

For low-calorie flavor, try:

  • Spices like garlic, paprika, cumin, or chili flakes
  • Vinegar or lemon juice 
  • Yellow, deli, spicy brown, or Dijon mustard

Is it worth using an air fryer for cooking nowadays?

That’s a great question! Air fryers are popular now. They have a lot of potential benefits that can make them worthwhile for many people, though not everyone would want one. 

One potential advantage is if you’re making crisp foods like crispy chicken or thinly sliced vegetables or potatoes, they can use less oil compared to frying those foods. This leads to lower fat intake and lower calorie consumption - which is good for weight management.

Another potential benefit of the air fryer is that it can help some people eat more healthily overall by encouraging you to cook at home instead of going out, or to make healthier food choices. This can happen if, for example, you find the air fryer easier to use compared to a stove or other appliances, so you cook at home instead of ordering in. Or, you might find that you enjoy vegetables from an air fryer, but not when you cook them using other methods.

Some people also prefer an air fryer because it’s more energy efficient than an oven (though it takes more energy than a microwave oven). 

Some reasons people may not want an air fryer is that it’s another countertop appliance that takes up space. Also, it can be cumbersome to clean it after each use. An alternative is to use disposable liners, but those can be pricey, and they are not great for the environment. 

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